Ampullary Adenocarcinoma: A rare cancer that starts in the ampulla of Vater, which is a small opening where the bile duct and pancreatic duct join and empty into the small intestine. It can cause symptoms like jaundice, abdominal pain, and weight loss.
Anal Cancer: A relatively uncommon cancer that forms in the anus, the opening at the end of the digestive tract. It's often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Bladder Cancer: Cancer that begins in the cells of the bladder, an organ that stores urine. The most common type is transitional cell carcinoma. Symptoms can include blood in the urine, painful urination, and frequent urination.
Bone Cancer: A rare type of cancer that originates in a bone. It can be primary (starting in the bone) or secondary (spreading to the bone from another part of the body). Osteosarcoma is a common type of primary bone cancer.
Breast Cancer: Cancer that develops in the breast tissue. It is one of the most common cancers among women, though it can also affect men. There are various types, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma.
CNS Cancer (Brain): Refers to cancers that originate in the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. Brain tumors can be primary (starting in the brain) or metastatic (spreading to the brain from elsewhere). Types include gliomas, meningiomas, and medulloblastomas.
Cervical Cancer: Cancer that starts in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is most often caused by persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).
Colon Cancer: Cancer that begins in the large intestine (colon). It often starts as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called polyps that can develop into cancer over time.
Esophageal Cancer: Cancer that occurs in the esophagus, the long, hollow tube that runs from your throat to your stomach. It can be adenocarcinoma (common in the lower esophagus) or squamous cell carcinoma (common in the upper and middle esophagus).
Gastric Cancer (Stomach): Cancer that begins in the stomach. It often develops slowly over many years. Symptoms can be vague in early stages, making early detection challenging.
GIST (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor): A rare type of tumor that originates in the walls of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Unlike many other GI cancers, GISTs are not typically carcinomas but arise from specialized cells called interstitial cells of Cajal.
Head and Neck Cancer: A group of cancers that start in the head and neck region, including the mouth, throat, voice box, salivary glands, and nasal cavity. Many are linked to tobacco and alcohol use, and HPV infection.
Kidney Cancer: Cancer that originates in the kidneys, two bean-shaped organs that filter waste from the blood. The most common type is renal cell carcinoma.
Liver and Gall Bladder Cancer:
Liver Cancer: Primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which starts in the main liver cells. It's often associated with chronic hepatitis B or C infection, or cirrhosis.
Gallbladder Cancer: A rare but aggressive cancer that starts in the gallbladder, a small organ under the liver that stores bile.
Lung Cancer: Cancer that starts in the lungs. It is a leading cause of cancer death. The two main types are small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Smoking is a major risk factor.
Lymphoma - Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's: Cancers that originate in the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system.
Leukemia – ALL, CLL, CML: Cancers of the blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system.
ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia): A fast-growing cancer of lymphocytes, common in children.
CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia): A slow-growing cancer of lymphocytes, more common in older adults.
CML (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia): A slow-growing cancer of myeloid cells, often associated with the Philadelphia chromosome.
Mesothelioma: A rare and aggressive cancer that develops in the lining of the lungs (pleura), abdomen (peritoneum), or heart (pericardium). It is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos.
Melanoma: A serious type of skin cancer that develops in the melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color). It is less common but more dangerous than other skin cancers.
Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma): A cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. It can affect many bones in the body.
MDS (Myelodysplastic Syndromes): A group of disorders in which the bone marrow doesn't produce enough healthy blood cells. While not always cancer, MDS can sometimes progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Pancreatic Cancer: Cancer that begins in the pancreas, a gland located behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and hormones. It is often aggressive and difficult to detect early.
Pediatric Solid Tumors: A broad category encompassing various non-liquid (non-leukemia/lymphoma) cancers that affect children. Examples include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and osteosarcoma.
Penile Cancer: A rare cancer that forms on or in the penis. It most often begins in the skin cells of the penis.
Prostatic Cancer (Prostate Cancer): Cancer that develops in the prostate gland, a small gland in men that produces seminal fluid. It is one of the most common cancers among men.
Rectal Cancer: Cancer that begins in the rectum, the last several inches of the large intestine, ending at the anus. It shares many similarities with colon cancer.
Sarcoma: A rare group of cancers that arise in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. There are many subtypes, including osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcomas.
Skin Cancer: The uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells. The most common types are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Usually caused by excessive exposure to UV radiation.
Testicular Cancer: Cancer that develops in the testicles, which are part of the male reproductive system. It is most common in young men.
Thymoma: A rare tumor that originates in the thymus gland, located in the chest behind the breastbone. Thymomas are generally slow-growing and often associated with autoimmune diseases.
Testes Cancer: This is the same as Testicular Cancer (listed above).
Uterus Cancer (Uterine Cancer): Cancer that starts in the uterus, the pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis where a baby grows during pregnancy. The most common type is endometrial cancer, which affects the lining of the uterus.
Vulval Cancer (Vulvar Cancer): A rare cancer that forms on the outer surface of the female genitalia (vulva). It often presents as a lump or sore.
